THE OPTIMUM LOCATION OF OUTRIGGER IN REDUCING THE ALONG-WIND AND ACROSS-WIND RESPONSES OF TALL BUILDINGS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v20.15768Keywords:
outrigger, wind, tall building, building responseAbstract
Outrigger is one of the many tall building structural systems that are used to reduce the building responses to wind. However, it is not known where the outrigger should be placed so that the responses of the tall building due to wind can be minimized. Thus, 64-story reinforced concrete buildings with the ratio of height to the breadth of 6:1 are studied in order to determine the optimum location to construct the outriggers to minimize the along-wind and across-wind responses. Buildings with different location of outriggers are analysed by a structural analysis software in order to determine the natural frequencies and eigenvectors in the along-wind and across-wind direction. The along-wind responses are determined by employing the procedures from the ASCE 7-02 while the across-wind responses of the buildings are calculated based on the procedures and wind tunnel data available in a data base of aerodynamic load. The database is comprised of high-frequency base balance measurements on a host of isolated tall buildings models. Results from the analysis shows that the optimum location to construct the outriggers is between one third to two third of the height of the building.References
American Society of Civil Engineers (2002). Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, New York, ASCE 7-02
ASCE Task Committee on Drift Control of Steel Building Structures. (1988). Wind Drift Design of Steel-framed Buildings: State of the Art. J. Struct. Div., ASCE 114(9):2085-2108.
Australian/New Zealand Standard Structural Design Actions Part 2: Wind Actions Sydney and Wellington,AS/NZS 1170.2:2002.
Balendra, T. (1993). Vibration of Buildings to Wind and Earthquake Loads, SpringerVerlag.
Beer, F.P. and Johnston, E.R. (1981). Mechanics of Material, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Buchholdt, H.A. (1997). Structural Dynamics for Engineers, London: Thomas Telford Publications.
Irwin, A.W. (1986). Motion in Tall Buildings. Proc. Conf. On Tall Buildlings. Second Century of the Skyscraper, Chicago: 759-778
Kareem, A. 1990. Measurements of Pressure and Force Fields on Building Models in Simulated Atmospheric Flows. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 36:589-599.
Malaysian Standard on Code of Practice on Wind Loading for Building Structure, Kuala Lumpur, MS 1553:2002.
Taranath, B.S. (1988). Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings, New York: McGraw-Hill
Yamada,M., Goto,,T. (1975). The Criteria to Motions in Tall Buildings. Proc. Pan-Pacific Tall Buildings Conference, Hawaii, 233-244.
Zhou,Y., Kijewski,T., Kareem,A. 2003. Aerodynamic Loads on Tall Buildings: Interactive Database. Journal of Structural Engineering. 129(3):394-404
