THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SONICATION TIMES OF NICKEL OXIDE AND ZIRCONIUM OXIDE CATALYSTS IN SYNGAS PRODUCTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v80.11096Keywords:
Heterogeneous catalysts, nickel oxide, zirconium oxide, biomass, gasificationAbstract
Heterogeneous catalytic cracking is currently one of the most effective ways for both reducing tar content and enhancing hydrogen (H2) content in syngas at relatively low temperature, besides being environmental friendly. Sonochemical treatment has also been shown to lower reaction times with enhanced reaction rate and enables production of particles with high surface area. In this study, two different types of metal oxides, which are Nickel oxide (NiO) and Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) at a combination of 1:1 ratio with Zeolite as the supporter are synthesized via sonochemical treatment in durations of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The catalysts are then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR-H2), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface measurement (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). From SEM and TEM analysis, Nickel tends to agglomerate and form sizable globular shapes, Zirconium forms coral-like branching structure and Zeolite forms stacks of cubic clumps. The most promising sonication treatment duration for the catalysts is 30 minutes because it removes decent amount of reactive oxygen at a rate of 0.83 x 1021 atoms/g during hydrogen reduction, possesses the highest surface area of 506.52 m2/g as well as smallest average crystallite size of 56.9 nm compared to other durations. Generally sonochemical treatment also increases the catalysts surface area and oxygen removal as well as lowers the reduction temperature which is favourable in term of production cost. Catalysts with sonochemical treatment duration of 30 and 60 minutes generally show higher reactive oxygen removal and surface area compared to catalysts with 90 minute treatments.
References
Serrano-Ruiz, J. C., West, R. M. and Dumesic, J. A. 2010. Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Biomass Resources to Fuels and Chemicals. Annual Review of Chemical and Biological Engineering. 1: 79-100.
Hu, J., Yu, F. and Lu, Y. 2012. Application of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in Biomass to Liquid Conversion. Catalysis. 2(2): 303-326.
Rownaghi, A. A. and Huhnke, R. L. 2013. Producing Hydrogen-Rich Gases by Steam Reforming of Syngas Tar over Cao/Mgo/Nio Catalysts. American Chemical Society Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 1: 80-86.
Havran, V., Dudukovi, M. P. and Lo, C. S. 2011. Conversion of Methane and Carbon Dioxide to Higher Value Products. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 50: 7089-7100.
Mohammed, M. A. A., Salmiaton, A., Wan Azlina, W. A. K. G., Mohamad Amran, M. S., Omar, R., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., et al. 2012. Catalytic Gasification of Empty Fruit Bunch for Enhanced Production of Hydrogen Rich Fuel Gas. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology. 20(1): 139-149.
Yung, M. M., Jablonski, W. S. and Magrini-Bair, K. A. 2009. Review of Catalytic Conditioning of Biomass-Derived Syngas. Energy & Fuels. 23: 1874-1887.
Deghedi, L., Basset, J. -M., Candy, J. -P., Dalmon, J. -A., Dubreuil, A-C. and Fischer, L. 2009. Nanosized Bimetallic Ni-Sn and Ni-Zr Catalysts Prepared by SOMC/M Route: Characterization and Catalytic Properties in Styrene Selective Hydrogenation. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 17: 31-36.
Nakayama, O., Ikenaga, N., Miyake, T., Yagasaki, E. and Suzuki, T. 2010. Production of Synthesis Gas from Methane Using Lattice Oxygen of NiO-Cr2O3-MgO Complex Oxide. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 49: 526-534.
Moon, D. J. 2008. Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Reforming of Gaseous Hydrocarbons (Methane & LPG). Catalysis Surveys from Asia. 12(3): 188-202.
Simell, P. and Kurkela, E. 2007. International Publication No. WO 2007/116121 A1. Helsinki, Finland: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
Kamaluddin. 2013. Role of Metal Oxides in Chemical Evolution. Paper presented at AIP Conference: First International Conference on Chemical Evolution of Star Forming Region and Origin of Life, Kolkata, India. doi: 10.1063/1.4812603.
Wachs, I. E. and Kim, T. 2009. Oxidation Reactions over Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts: Molecular/ Electronic Structure-Activity/ Selectivity Relationships. In Jackson, S. D. and Hargreaves, Justin S. J. (Eds). Metal Oxide Catalysis (pp. 487-488). Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Lee, D. W. and Yoo, B. R. 2014. Advance Metal Oxide (Supported) Catalysts: Synthesis and Applications. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 20(6): 3947-3959.
Lee, E. L. and Wachs, I. E. 2009. Use of Oxide Ligands in Designing Catalytic Active Sites. In Ozkan, U. S. (Ed). Design of Heterogeneous Catalysts: New Approaches based on Synthesis, Characterization and Modeling (pp.2). Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Gole, V. L. and Gogate, P. R. 2012. A Review on Intensification of Synthesis of Biodiesel from Sustainable Feed Stock Using Sonochemical Reactors. Chemical Engineering and Processing. 53: 1-9.
Saminda, D., King’ondu, C. K., Pedrick, W., Lakshitha, P. and Suib, S. L. 2012. Direct Sonochemical Synthesis of Manganese Octahedral Molecular Sieve (OMS-2) Nanomaterials using Cosolvent Systems, Their Characterization, and Catalytic Applications. Chemistry of Materials. 24(4): 705-712.
Sharifi, M., Haghighi, M. and Abdollahifar, M. 2015. Sono-dispersion of Bimetallic Ni-Co over Zeolite Y Used in Conversion of Greenhouse Gases CH4/CO2 to High Valued Syngas. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 23: 547-558.
Zhong, Y. L. and Bernasek, S. L. 2011. Mild and Efficient Functionalization of Hydrogen-Terminated Si(111) via Sonochemical Activated Hydrosilylation. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133: 8118-8121.
Chavan, V. P. and Gogate, P. R. 2011. Intensification of Synthesis of Cumene Hydroperoxide Using Sonochemical Reactors. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 50(22): 12433-12438.
Zhang, X., Jiang, W., Gong, X. and Zhang, Z. 2010. Sonochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Separable of Fe3O4/ Ag Composites and Its Catalytic Properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 508(2): 400-405.
Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Joshua Hoh, J. R. and Wong, Y. C. 2011. Synthesis of Nanostructured Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts using Sonochemical Route for Partial Oxidation of n-Butane. Journal of Applied Sciences. 11(13): 2370-2375.
Meybodi, S. M., Hosseini, S. A., Rezaee, M., Sadrnezhaad, S. K. and Mohammadyani, D. 2012. Synthesis of Wide Band Gap Nanocrystalline NiO Powder via a Sonochemical Method. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 19: 841-845.
Tao, J., Zhao, L., Dong, C., Lu, Q., Du, X. and Dahlquist, E. 2013. Catalytic Steam Reforming of Toluene as a Model Compound of Biomass Gasification Tar using Ni-CeO2/SBA-15 Catalysts. Energies. 6: 3284-3296.
Klimova, T., Pena, L., Lizama, L., Salcedo, C. and Gutierrez, Y. 2009. Modification of Activity and Selectivity of NiMo/SBA-15 HDS Catalysts by Grafting of Different Metal Oxides on the Support Surface. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 48: 1126-1133.
Maciel, C. G., Silva, T. D., Assaf, E. M. and Assaf, J. M. 2013. Hydrogen Production and Purification from the Water-Gas Shift Reaction on CuO/CeO2-TiO2 Catalysts. Applied Energy. 112: 52-59.
Pal, P., Das, J. K., Das, N. and Bandyopadhyay, S. 2013. Synthesis of NaP Zeolite at Room Temperature and Short Crystallization Time by Sonochemical Method. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 20: 314-321.
Monshi, A., Foroughi, M. R. and Monshi, M. R. 2012. Modified Scherrer Equation to Estimate More Accurately Nano-Crystallite Size Using XRD. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering. 2: 154-160.
Maurya, A., Bhatia, N. and Varma, V. 2017. Micorwave Assisted Chemical Synthesis of Nickel Oxide. International Journal of Scientific Research and Education. 5(3): 6281-6286.
Åada, P., Falkowski, P., Miazga, A., Konopka, K. and Szafran, M., 2016. Fabrication of ZrO2-Ti Composites by Slip Casting Method. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 61: 1095-1100.
Hashemian, S., Hosseini, S., Salehifar, H. and Salari, K., 2013, Adsorption of Fe(III) from Aqueous Solution by Linde Type-A Zeolite, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(7A): 123-126.
Derekaya, F. B. and Yasar, G. 2011. The CO Methanation over NaY-Zeolite Supported Ni/Co3O4, Ni/ZrO2, Co3O4/ZrO2 and Ni/Co3O4/ZrO2 Catalysts. Catalysis Communications. 13: 73-77.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
