CHARACTERISATION OF HIGH PURITY RICE HUSK SILICA SYNTHESISED USING SOLVENT-THERMAL TREATMENT WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF ACID LEACHING

Authors

  • Zainathul Akhmar Salim Abdul Salim Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3272-4615
  • Hanafi Ismail School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
  • Aziz Hassan Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Nor Hafizah Che Ismail Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-2450
  • Faiezah Hashim Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18631

Keywords:

Solvent-thermal treatment, rice husk silica, acid leaching, morphological study, surface analysis

Abstract

In recent years, research on bio-based materials, such as rice husk is steadily gaining momentum. Despite their huge developmental potential, rice husks are often left unutilised following the harvesting season, wasting a natural wealth that could be explored. Their high silica content makes them potential fillers to replace commercial precipitated silica in the polymer industry, composites and building materials for construction. In this study, highly pure silica with small particle size and high surface area was extracted from rice husks via solvent-thermal treatment, followed by leaching with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl). This treatment method was modified from TAPPI T204 (2007) and TAPPI T264 (1997) standards, which are used for wood extraction in the pulp and papermaking industry. By using this method, rice husk silica (RHS) that was leached with 1.0 M HCl recorded the highest particle purity with 99.99% of SiO2 content and the highest BET surface area of 234.25 m2/g compared with RHS leached with 0.01 M, 0.1 M, 2.0 M, and 3.0 M HCl. All RHS samples were in the amorphous state following incineration at 700°C for 4 hours. This proved that RHS synthesised by solvent-thermal treatment method can be further developed as one of the alternatives to commercial silica in the market.

References

U. Ghani et al. 2022. Hydrothermal Extraction of Amorphous Silica from Locally Available Slate. ACS Omega. 7(7): 6113-6120.

C. P. Faizul, C. Abdullah, and B. Fazlul. 2013. Review of Extraction of Silica from Agricultural Wastes using Acid Leaching Treatment. Adv. Mater. Res. 626(February 2016): 997-1000.

N. Baccile, F. Babonneau, B. Thomas, and T. Coradin. 2009. Introducing Ecodesign in Silica Sol–gel Materials. J. Mater. Chem. 19(45): 8537.

A. F. Hassan, A. M. Abdelghny, H. Elhadidy, and A. M. Youssef. 2014. Synthesis and Characterization of High Surface Area Nanosilica from Rice Husk Ash by Surfactant-free Sol-gel Method. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 69(3): 465-472.

M. C. D. Dominic, P. M. S. Begum, R. Joseph, D. Joseph, P. Kumar, and E. P. Ayswarya. 2013. Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Rice Husk Nanosilica in Natural Rubber. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol. 2(5): 1027-1035.

O. Yosma and C. Yuenyao. 2022. Facile Synthesis of High Purity Silica Xerogel from Rice Straw. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2145(1): 16-20.

G. Mounika, R. Baskar, and J. Sri Kalyana Rama. 2022. Rice Husk Ash as a Potential Supplementary Cementitious Material in Concrete Solution Towards Sustainable Construction. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 7(1).

Chen, Z., Qian, M., Liu, C. et al. 2021. Surface Modification of Rice Husk Ash by Ethanol-assisted Milling to Reinforce the Properties of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Composites. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 37: 757-762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-021-0341-1.

Supiyani, H. Agusnar, P. Sugita, and I. Nainggolan. 2022. Preparation Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk to Synthesize Silica Nanoparticles by Sol-gel Method for Adsorption Water in Analysis of Methamphetamine. South African J. Chem. Eng. 40(November): 80-86.

N. Soltani, A. Bahrami, M. I. Pech-Canul, and L. A. Gonzalez. 2015. Review on the Physicochemical Treatments of Rice Husk for Production of Advanced Materials. Chem. Eng. J. 264: 899-935.

R. Hirschler. 2012. Whiteness, Yellowness, and Browning in Food Colorimetry : A Critical Review. Color in Food : Technological and Psychophysical Aspects. First Edit. J. Caivano and M. d. Buera, Eds. Florida: CRC Press. 93-104.

V. Della, I. Kuhn, and D. Hotza. 2002. Rice Husk Ash as an Elemente Source for Active Silicaproduction. Mater. Lett. 57(4): 818-821.

N. N. Ngoc, L. X. Thanh, L. T. Vinh, and B. T. Van Anh. 2018. High-purity Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk: Preparation and Characterization. Vietnam J. Chem. 56(6): 730-736.

I. B. Ugheoke and O. Mamat. 2012. A Critical Assessment and New Research Directions of Rice Husk. J. Sci. Technol. 6(03): 430-448.

Q. Feng, S. Sugita, M. Shoya, H. Yamamichi, and Y. Isojima. 2002. Thermal Decomposition of Hydrochloric Acid Treated Rice Husk and Properties of Its Product. Journal Soc. Inorg. Mater. Japan. 9: 505-510.

H. Kurama and S. K. Kurama. 2003. The Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Production of Active Silica from Rice Husk. 18th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET 2003), Antalya, Turkey, 10-13 June 2003. 975-395.

P. Chen, W. Gu, W. Fang, X. Ji, and R. Bie. 2017. Removal of Metal Impurities in Rice Husk and Characterization of Rice Husk Ash Under Simplified Acid Pretreatment Process. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy. 1-8.

J. K. Taku, Y. D. Amartey, and T. Kassar. 2016. Comparative Elemental Analysis of Rice Husk Ash Calcined at Different Temperatures Using X-ray Flourescence (XRF) Technique Comparative Elemental Analysis of Rice Husk Ash Calcined at Different Temperatures Using X-ray Flourescence ( XRF ) Technique. Am. J. Civ. Eng. Archit. 4(1): 28-31.

Y. Li. 2014. Studies on the Cellulose Hydrolysis and Hemicellulose Monosaccharide Degradation in Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid. Master's Thesis. University of Ottawa. 111.

N. Permatasari, T. N. Sucahya, and A. B. D. Nandiyanto. 2016. Review: Agricultural Wastes as a Source of Silica Material. Indones. J. Sci. Technol. 1(1): 82-106.

W. Xu et al. 2018. Comparative Study of Water-leaching and Acid-leaching Pretreatment on the Thermal Stability and Reactivity of Biomass Silica for Viability as a Pozzolanic Additive in Cement. Materials (Basel). 11(9).

C. Fruijtier-Pölloth. 2012. The Toxicological Mode of Action and the Safety of Synthetic Amorphous Silica-A Nanostructured Material. Toxicology. 294(2-3): 61-79.

S. Sankar et al. 2016. Biogenerated Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized from Sticky, Red, and Brown Rice Husk Ashes by a Chemical Method. Ceram. Int. 42(4): 4875-4885.

T. H. Liou and C. C. Yang. 2011. Synthesis and Surface Characteristics of Nanosilica Produced from Alkali-extracted Rice Husk Ash. Mater. Sci. Eng. B Solid-State Mater. Adv. Technol. 176(7): 521-529.

F. Ghorbani, A. M. Sanati, and M. Maleki. 2015. Production of Silica Nanoparticles from Rice Husk as Agricultural Waste by Environmental Friendly Technique. Environ. Stud. Persian Gulf. 2(1): 56-65.

I. J. Fernandes et al. 2017. Characterization of Silica Produced from Rice Husk Ash: Comparison of Purification and Processing Methods. Mater. Res. 20(suppl 2): 512-518.

R. A. Bakar, R. Yahya, and S. N. Gan. 2016. Production of High Purity Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk. Procedia Chem. 19: 189-195.

J. Umeda and K. Kondoh. 2010. High-purification of Amorphous Silica Originated from Rice Husks by Combination of Polysaccharide Hydrolysis and Metallic Impurities Removal. Ind. Crops Prod. 32(3): 539-544.

W. A. P. J. Premaratne, W. M. G. I. Priyadarshana, S. H. P. Gunawardena, and A. A. P. De Alwis. 2014. Synthesis of Nanosilica from Paddy Husk Ash and Their Surface Functionalization. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya Sri Lanka. 8: 33-48.

M. P. Rosa, D. G. Müller, J. S. Silva, P. H. Beck, F. Kessler, and E. C. C. Schenque. 2017. Extraction of Organosolv Lignin From Rice Husk Under Reflux Conditions. Biol. Chem. Res. 87-98.

Downloads

Published

2023-02-23

Issue

Section

Science and Engineering

How to Cite

CHARACTERISATION OF HIGH PURITY RICE HUSK SILICA SYNTHESISED USING SOLVENT-THERMAL TREATMENT WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF ACID LEACHING. (2023). Jurnal Teknologi, 85(2), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18631