EVALUATION OF PIPER BETLE L. EXTRACTS AND ITS ANTIVIRULENCE ACTIVITY TOWARDS P. AERUGINOSA

Nurul Izzati  Azahar; Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar; Syed  Mahmood; ‪Mohd Aizudin  Abd Aziz; Mohd Azmir Arifin

doi:10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18892

Authors

Nurul Izzati Azahar Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-7703
Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
Syed Mahmood Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
‪Mohd Aizudin Abd Aziz Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
Mohd Azmir Arifin Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-5078

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18892

Keywords:

Piper betle, P. aeruginosa, antivirulence, antibacterial, Pyoverdine assay

Abstract

The virulence factor of bacteria such as P. aeruginosa causes severe problems affecting human health and environmental quality. In this study, Piper betle undergoes an extraction process yielding extract to diminish the virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. The efficiency of Piper betle treatment on P. aeruginosa was measured using Pyoverdine assay. The different factors affected the Piper betle extract yield such as leaves to a solvent ratio (1:6 and 1:10), extraction method (maceration and sonication) and different solvents (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) were tested. Pyoverdine assay illustrates ethyl acetate exhibits the lowest peak (OD₆₃₀ = 0.2320) compared to methanol, ethanol and hexane due to the presence of a bioactive compound reducing the virulence factor. The ratio of 1:10 has a higher yield of 4.53±0.05 g and the ratio of 1:6 yields 2.86±0.05 g of extracts because of a better contact area. Maceration with agitation indicated the highest yield of 0.5210±0.05 g followed by maceration without agitation at 0.2660±0.05 g and 0.2792±0.05 g for sonication. The yield of Piper betle with different solvents showed the lowest yield is hexane 0.4741±0.05 g followed by ethyl acetate 2.4975±0.05 g, ethanol 3.7658±0.05 g and methanol 6.3331±0.05 g due to solvent polarity. This study aims to provide insightful knowledge of applied factor affecting Piper betle extracts and the ability of Piper betle as antivirulence and antibacterial agent against P. aeruginosa.

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