LATERAL STIFFNESS EVALUATION OF RESIDENTIAL ISO CONTAINER MODULE: FULL-SCALED EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v87.22270Keywords:
ISO container, strength testing, lateral stiffness, finite element analysis, wall openingAbstract
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) containers, designed to protect contents against extreme conditions, are often repurposed as temporary shelters during disasters, conflict, or urbanization. However, modifying these containers for housing greatly affects their structural integrity. Several studies have numerically and experimentally investigated the structural strength of container structures. However, there was limited information on the lateral stiffness of a residential ISO container subjected to lateral load. A piece of valuable information when the container is applied to a multi-story structure. This study proposed to conduct physical tests on two full-scaled residential ISO container structures to evaluate their lateral stiffness. Considering the actual condition of a residential container, both samples were fabricated with different sizes of openings. The finite element models of the samples were developed and analysed employing Abaqus for comparison with other studies and the experimental results. The application for lateral stiffness of ISO containers subjected to wind load was discussed based on the current design standard. The outcome of the study widened the scope of the structural behaviour of an ISO container towards the lateral stiffness of a residential container structure.
References
Nations, U. 2019. World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights.
Derek, F. and Hicham, S. 2019. The Cost of Housing is Tearing Our Society Apart. World Economic Forum.
Nations, U. 2018. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision: Key Facts.
Nations, U. 2016. Almanac 2015/2016: Tracking Improvement in the Lives of Slum Dwellers.
Jure, K. 2009. Container Architecture: This Book Contains 6441 Containers. Links International, Barcelona, Spain.
Smith, J. D. 2006. Shipping Containers as Building Components. Department of the Built Environment University of Brighton.
Oloto, E. and Adebayo, A. K. 2015. Building with Shipping Containers: A Sustainable Approach to Solving Housing Shortages in Lagos Metropolis. Department of Architecture, University of Lagos.
Institution, B. S. 2016. BS ISO 668:2013+A2:2016 Series 1 Freight Containers—Classification, Dimensions and Ratings.
Institution, B.S. 2016. BS ISO 1161:2016 Series 1 freight containers—Corner and Intermediate Fittings—Specifications.
Institution, B.S. 2012. BS ISO 6346:1995+A3:2012 Freight containers—Coding, Identification and Marking.
Institution, B.S. 2016. BS ISO 1496-1:2013+A1:2016 Series 1 Freight Containers—Specification and Testing Part 1: General Cargo Containers For General Purposes.
Peña, J. A. and Schuzer, K. 2012. Design Of Reusable Emergency Relief Housing Units using General-purpose (GP) Shipping Containers. International Journal of Engineering Research and Innovation. 4(2): 55-64.
Yu, Y. and Chen, Z. 2018. Rigidity of Corrugated Plate Sidewalls and Its Effect on the Modular Structural Design. Engineering Structures. 175: 191-200.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.039.
Sinha, S. C., Prakash, V., Ravikumar, P. B., and Raman, R., 1989. Modeling and Simulation of Cargo Containers. Computers & Structures. 33(4): 1065-1072.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(89)90442-2.
Giriunas, K., Sezen, H., and Dupaix, R. 2012. Evaluation, Modeling, and Analysis of Shipping Container Building Structures. Engineering Structures. 43: 48-57.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.05.001.
Zha, X. and Zuo, Y. 2016. Theoretical and Experimental Studies on In-plane Stiffness of Container Structure with Holes. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 8(6): 1687814016651372.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814016651372.
Zha, X. and Zuo, Y. 2016. Theoretical and Experimental Studies on In-plane Stiffness of Integrated Container Structure. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 8(3): 1687814016637522.
Doi: https://doi.org/0.1177/1687814016637522.
ECCS. 1995. European Recommendations for the Application of Metal Sheeting Acting as a Diaphragm: Stressed Skin Design. European Convention for Constructional Steelwork.
Børvik, T., Hanssen, A. G., Dey, S., Langberg, H., and Langseth, M. 2008. On the Ballistic and Blast Load Response of a 20 ft ISO Container Protected with Aluminium Panels Filled with a Local Mass — Phase I: Design of Protective System. Engineering Structures. 30(6): 1605-1620.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.010.
Genelin, C., Dinan, R., Hoeman, J., and Salim, H. 2009. Evaluation of Blast Resistant Rigid Walled Expeditionary Structures (PREPRINT).
Ling, P. C. H., Tan, C. S., Huei, L. Y., and Mohammad, S., 2020. Technical Information on ISO Shipping Container. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 884: 012042.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/884/1/012042.
Singamas, 2011. Technical Specification for 20' X 8' X 8'6" ISO 1CC Type Steel Dry Cargo Container. China: Singamas Management Services Ltd.
Systèmes, D. 2018. Simulia Abaqus/CAE.
Malaysia, D.o.S., 2010. MS EN 1993-1-1:2010- Malaysia National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures - Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings.
Ling, P. C. H. and Tan, C. S. 2020. Numerical Simulation of ISO Freight Container using Finite Element Modelling. In Proceedings of AICCE'19, F. MOHAMED NAZRI Ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham. 463-469.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
