OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC)/POLYCAPROLACTONE (PCL) NANOFIBER SCAFFOLDS FOR ENHANCED TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v87.23008Keywords:
Cellulose nanocrystal, Electrospinning, Nanofiber, ScaffoldAbstract
Cellulose, an abundantly available and biocompatible material, holds great promise for tissue engineering scaffolds due to its excellent physicochemical properties, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility. This study systematically explores the optimization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Key physical properties such as fiber diameter, porosity, wettability, thermal degradability, and ionic conductivity were comprehensively assessed, focusing on tuning the concentration of CNC from 0 to 50 wt%, a pivotal parameter in the electrospinning process. Results reveal that adding CNC to CNC/PCL nanofiber scaffolds reduced fibre diameter and increased wettability and porosity. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) characterizations demonstrate a reduction in fiber diameters with escalating CNC concentration, producing nanofibers with diameters below 200 nm when 50 wt% of CNC is incorporated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) findings highlight an enhanced ionic conductivity in CNC/PCL scaffolds, showing a twofold increase compared to pure PCL nanofibers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicates that the melting temperature of all samples exceeds body temperature, ideal for tissue engineering applications. Biocompatibility evaluation using RAW 264.7 cells demonstrates that the 30wt% CNC/PCL scaffold enhances cell survival rate and proliferation compared to PCL nanofibers. These findings suggest that the fabricated CNC/PCL nanofiber scaffolds have the potential to be applied in diverse tissue engineering scenarios, contributing to advancements in regenerative medicine.
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