Sintering Schedule for Near-Net Shapping of Mechanical Components Formed Through Warm Compaction Route
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v59.2596Keywords:
Warm powder forming, sintering schedule, mechanical properties, microstructureAbstract
This paper presents the characterization of solid state sintering schedule for the production of near-net shape mechanical components through warm compaction route. A lab-scale warm forming rig was designed and fabricated which enabled the generation of green compacts at elevated temperature. The feedstock from iron powder ASC 100.29 was prepared by mechanically mixing the powder with 0.4wt% zinc stearate for 30 minutes. The feedstock was formed at 180ºC to generate green compacts. The defect-free green compacts were subsequently sintered in an inert gas fired sintering furnace for different sintering schedules. The sintered products were characterized through mechanical testing and microstructure evaluation. The result revealed that the mechanical properties and microstructures of sintered products are affected by sintering parameters. Results shown that part sintered at 1000oC, 10oC/min heating rate for 60 minutes give the highest bending strength of 630 MPa and relative density of 0.869 g cm-3. It also exhibited acceptable dimensional changes which is below 1%. It can observed by micrograph part at sintering temperature of 1000ºC, neck formation is also observed and more metal-metal bonding is visible. From this study, the suitable sintering parameters are identified for the production of near-net shape yet high quality mechanical component.References
T. L. Ngai, Y. H. Kuang and Y. Y. Li. 2007. Warm Compaction Forming of a Binder-Treated Fe-Base Material. Proceeding of Sino-Swedish Structural Materials Symposium.
K. S. Narasimhan. 2011. Sintering of powder mixtures and the growth of ferrous powder metallurgy. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 67: 56-65.
MPR July/August 2009: New Tooling Choices for Europe’s PM Manufactures.
L. A. Dobrzanski, J. Otreba, M. A. Grande and M. Rosso. 2006. Microstructural characteristic and mechanical properties of Ni-Mo-(W) steels. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. 18: 347-350.
MPR January 2010: Slow Recovery for PM in US this year.
A. K. Ariffin and M. M. Rahman. 2003. Warm metal powder compaction process. Advances in Materials Processing. 1: 159-165.
S. S. M. Nor. 2006. An Experimental Analysis of Powder Metal Under Loading. M. Eng Thesis, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia.
U. Engston and E. Johanson. 2003. Experience with Warm Compaction of Densmixtm Powder in the Production of Complex Parts. Höganäs AB, Sweden.
G. F. Bocchini, G. Cricri and R. Esposito. 1996. Friction effects in metal powder compacting part two: experimental result. Advances in Powder and Particulate Materials. 1(2): 141-151.
S. M. Tahir, A. K. Ariffin. 2006. Fracture in metal powder compaction. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 43(6): 1528-1542.
P. Lemieux, S. Pelletier, P. E. Mongeon, Y. Thomas, L. P. Lefebvre and F. Chagnon. 2001. A new approach to die wall lubrication for P/M application. International Conference on Powder Metallurgy & Particulate. Materials (PM2TEC'2001). May 13-17, New Orleans, Louisiana.
A. Simchi. 2003. Effects of lubrication procedure on the consolidation, sintering and microstructural features of powder compacts. Materials and Design. 24: 85-94.
D. Saha and D. Apelian. 2012. Control strategy for de-lubrication of P/M compacts. International Journal of Powder Metallurgy. 38(3): 71-79.
P. Feng, Y. He, Y. Xiao, W. Liu and W. Xiong. 2007. Influence of preparation process on sintering behaviour and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Ti(C, N)-based cermets. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 17: 531-536.
A. Babakhani, A. Haerian and M. Ghambari. 2006. On the combined effect of lubrication and compaction temperature on properties of iron-based P/M parts. Materials Science and Engineering. A437: 360-365.
A. Babakhani and A. Haerian. 2008. Affect of carbon content and sintering temperature on mechanical properties of iron based PM parts produced by warm compaction. Powder Metallurgy Progress. 8(2): 156-163.
M. Youseffi, C. S. Wright and F. M. Jeyacheya. 2000. Effect of carbon content, sintering temperature, density, and cooling rate upon properties of prealloyed Fe–1·5Mo powder. Powder Metallurgy. 43(3): 270-274.
N. S. Srivinasan. 2002. Dynamic study of changes in structure and morphology during the heating and sintering of iron powder. Powder Technology. 124: 40-44.
M. M. Rahman. 2001. Finite Element Modelling of Warm Powder Compaction Process. PhD Thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2001.
R. M. German. 1996. Sintering Theory and Practice. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York.
S. S. M. Nor, M. M. Rahman, F. Tarlochan, B. Shahida and A. K. Ariffin. 2008. The effect of lubrication in reducing net friction in warm powder compaction process. Journal of Materials Processing. 207: 118-124.
M. M. Rahman and S. S. M. Nor. 2009. An experimental investigation of metal powder compaction at elevated temperature. Mechanics of Materials. 41: 553-560.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
