QUALITY CONTROL OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE OILS IN PRODUCT FORMULATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6002Keywords:
Zingiber officinale, quality control, essential oilAbstract
Zingiber officinale (ginger) is one of the most commonly used flavouring ingredients in food and culinary dishes. The essential oils are known for its unique aroma and characteristic and widely used as therapy. In this study, the essential oil was formulated as massage oil and the quality of massage oil was evaluated on its physicochemical properties, i.e. colour, odour, density, viscosity, refractive index and pH value. The efficacy of the product was determined by the value of the melanin (coloured pigment) and erythema (redness of skin) as well skin irritation analysis (Finn Chamber Patch). The massage oil was also tested using Head Space-Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS) to determine the presence of ginger’s essential oils important chemical constituents in the massage oil. Analysis revealed the presence of a-zingiberene, neral and geranial which are the main components found in ginger massage oil. For safety use, the finished product was tested for microbial enumeration test and heavy metal analysis. Result showed that there was no microbial contamination and meets the British Pharmacopoeia 2011 specifications in topical use. Meanwhile the results of limit test for heavy metals were found to be below detectable levels of National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau specifications.
References
Ravindran, P. N. and Nirmal Babu, K. 2004. Ginger: The Genus Zingiber, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants–Industrial Profiles. CRC Press. 12-13.
Burkill, T. H. 1966. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula 2 Vols. Crown Agents for the Colonies. London.
Theilade, I. 1998. Revision of the Genus Zingiber in Peninsular Malaysia. Garden’s Bulletin Singapore. 48: 207-236.
El Asbahani, A., Miladi C., K., Badri, W., Sala, M., Aït Addi, E.H., Casabianca, H., El Mousadik, A., Hartmann, D., Jilale, A., Renaud, F.N.R. and Elaissari, A. 2015. Essential Oils: From Extraction to Encapsulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 483: 220-243.
Babar, A., Naser, A. A, Saiba, S., Aftab, A., Shah, A. K. and Firoz, A. 2015. Essential oils Used in Aromatheraphy: A Systematic Review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 5(8): 601-611.
Saidatul Husni, S., Nor Azah, M. A., Nurhazwani, M. H., Mailina, J., Norulaiman, Y., Mohammad Faridz, Z. P., Zamree, M. S., Fadzureena, J., Nuziah, H., Azrina, A. and Muhd Hafizi, Z. 2014. Inovasi Produk Minyak Urut Berasaskan Halia (Zingiber officinale) Sebagai Terapi Ibu Bersalin.
Jibry, N. and Murdan, S. 2004. In vivo Investigation, In Mice and in Man, Into the Irritation Potential of Novel Amphiphilogels Being Studied as Transderma Drug Carries. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 58: 107-119.
National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. 2015. Drug Registration Guidance Document (DRGD), First Edition–January 2013, revised July 2015.
Ying, L., Anne-Sylvie, F. and Farid, C. 2014. Essential Oils as Reagents in Green Chemistry, Springer Briefs in Green Chemistry for Sustainability. Chapter 2.
Vermaak, I., Kamatou, G. P. P., Komane-Mofokeng, B., Viljoen, A. M. and Beckett, K. 2011. African Seed Oils of Commercial Importance–Cosmetic Applications. South African Journal of Botany. 77: 920-933.
Nitin, B. M., Sagar, D. A., Sandip, A. K., Parth, D. T. and Sanjay, R. C. 2011. Comparative Physicochemical Evaluation of some Marketed Ayurvedic Massage Oils, International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
